2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

Glutathione Peroxidase

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Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are a family of enzymes with the ability to reduce organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione or thioredoxin as an electron donor. These enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. GPx1 has been reported to be involved in both pro- and anticancer effects in different tumor models.

In mammals, the GPxs family consists of eight members (GPx1-GPx8) identified so far; five of them (GPx1-GPx4 and GPx6) contain selenocysteine in the catalytic center and the other three are cysteine-containing proteins. GPx1 is one of the most critical members of the GPxs family that catalytically reduces hydrogen peroxide to produce water. The function of GPx3 is to scavenge H2O2 and lipoperoxides in the plasma to reduce systematic oxidative stress and to maintain the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide. Gpx4 is an essential mammalian glutathione peroxidase, which protects cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and governs a novel form of regulated necrotic cell death, called ferroptosis.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-178447
    PPARγ agonist 20
    		Agonist
    PPARγ agonist 20 is a potent, orally active PPAR-γ agonist. PPARγ agonist 20 effectively increases antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH) and reduces lipid peroxidation. PPARγ agonist 20 can upregulate of Pparg, Glut4, and AdipoQ, suppresses of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65. PPARγ agonist 20 significantly lowers fasting blood glucose, improving glucose tolerance, and restoring metabolic balance in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-Nicotinamide (HY-B0150)-induced diabetic rats. PPARγ agonist 20 can be used for the study of type 2 diabetes.
    PPARγ agonist 20
  • HY-175852
    Ferroptosis inducer-11
    		Inhibitor
    Ferroptosis inducer-11 is a ferroptosis inducer. Ferroptosis inducer-11 exhibits potent cytotoxicity against HCT-116, NCM-60 and HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 0.43 μM, 3.14 μM and 0.48 μM, respectively. Ferroptosis inducer-11 strongly suppresses GPX4 enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 1.86 μM. Ferroptosis inducer-11 induces ferroptosis, as well as increases intracellular lipid ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe2+ levels, while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in colon cancer cells. Ferroptosis inducer-11 can be used for the study of colon cancer.
    Ferroptosis inducer-11
  • HY-147691
    MPO-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    MPO-IN-5 (compound 1) is a potent, irreversible MPO (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor. MPO-IN-5 inhibits MPO peroxidation and hERG binding, with IC50 values of 0.22 and 2.8 μM, respectively. MPO-IN-5 shows rapid kinetics of inhibition, with enzyme inactivation rate (kinact/Ki) of 23000 M−1s−1.
    MPO-IN-5
  • HY-173596
    SNT-8370
    		Inhibitor
    SNT-8370 is an orally active inhibitor of VAP-1 (IC50: 10 nM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (IC50: 17 nM), with >100-1000 fold more potency for VAP-1 and MPO versus other mammalian (per)oxidases. SNT-8370 inhibits MPO-mediated LDL lipid peroxidation. SNT-8370 inhibits leukocyte infiltration in lung injury models of acute inflammation. SNT-8370 is an anti-inflammatory agent, and can be used for research of inflammatory disorders.
    SNT-8370
  • HY-13679S
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d4 sodium
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d4 sodium (Mesnum-d4 sodium) is the deuterium labeled Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (HY-13679). Mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) is an antioxidant which has cytoprotective effects. Mesna is widely used as a systemic protective agent against chemotherapy toxicity. Mesna is also used to reduce hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide.
    2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-175633
    ML210-ansaFc
    		Inhibitor
    ML210-ansaFc (Compound III-13) is a covalent GPX4 inhibitor with a [3]-ferrocenophane group (IC50 of 3.4 μM). ML210-ansaFc potently induces ferroptosis by increasing the level of ROSand promoting lipid peroxidation (LPO) in cancers cells. ML210-ansaFc has an anticancer activity and suppresses tumor growth in tumor 3D spheroids. ML210-ansaFc can be used for cancer therapy resistance research.
    ML210-ansaFc
  • HY-116117
    Salicylcurcumin
    		Inhibitor
    Salicylcurcumin is a synthetic curcumin analogue with antioxidant activity. Salicylcurcumin may affect lipid peroxidation in fish, favoring increased survival, disease resistance, and ultimately growth rate.
    Salicylcurcumin
  • HY-176557
    NCI677397
    		Inhibitor
    NCI677397 is a USP24 inhibitor. NCI677397 increases lipid ROS, activates cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, degrades ABC transporters, GPX4 and DHFR through the autophagy pathway, decreases the level of P-gp and ultimately leads to ferroptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells. NCI677397 can be used for the study of lung caner and brain cancer.
    NCI677397
  • HY-175615
    RSL3-NH2
    		Inhibitor
    RSL3-NH2 is a GPX4 inhibitor and Ferroptosis inducer. RSL3-NH2 can be used as a cytotoxic payload for synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
    RSL3-NH2
  • HY-157788
    ZX703
    		Degrader
    ZX703 (compound 5I) is a PROTAC that significantly degrades GPX4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner through the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways (DC50=0.315 µM). ZX703 induces ferroptosis by inducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in cells. ZX703 can be used for cancer research.
    ZX703
  • HY-172675
    DEL-I25
    		Activator
    DEL-I25 is a potent GPX4 activator. DEL-I25 protects cells from ferroptosis.
    DEL-I25
  • HY-W001083S1
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d5
    		Activator
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl-2,4,6-d3)acetic-2,2-d2 acid is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-155075
    NC-R17
    		Inhibitor
    NC-R17 is a PROTAC-class, non-covalent GPX4 degrader based on RSL3, involved in ferroptosis. NC-R17 has antitumor activity and is used for non-covalent GPX4 PROTAC design. NC-R17 consists of a target protein ligand (red part) Demethyl-RSL3 (HY-135832); an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand (blue part) Lenalidomide (HY-A0003) and a PROTAC linker (black part) (HY-169376). E3 ubiquitin ligase and linker can form Lenalidomide-C13-piperazine-Boc (HY-169377).
    NC-R17
  • HY-N0070R
    Solasonine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Solasonine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solasonine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solasonine is a ferroptosis inducer which can be isolated from Solanum melongena that has anti-infection, anti-cancer, and neurogenesis promoting properties. Solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via destruction of the glutathione redox system induced by inhibiting GPX4, and can be used for cancer research.
    Solasonine (Standard)
  • HY-W015600S
    2-Acetamidophenol-d3
    2-Acetamidophenol-d3 (Orthocetamol-d3) is the deuterium labeled 2-Acetamidophenol (HY-W015600). 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-155851
    Lepadin E
    		Inhibitor
    Lepadin E is a significantly cytotoxic ferroptosis inducer that induces iron death through the classical p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Lepadin E promoted p53 expression, decreases SLC7A11 and GPX4 levels, and leads to increased ROS and lipid peroxide production, and upregulated ACSL4 expression, thus causes cell death. Lepadin E has significant antitumor effect.
    Lepadin E
  • HY-176271
    MAO-B-IN-45
    		Activator
    MAO-B-IN-45 is a dual inhibitor of ferroptosis and MAO-B. MAO-B-IN-45 shows selectivity towards MAO-B with an IC50 of 87.47 nM and selectivity exceeding 229-fold for MAO-B over MAO-A. MAO-B-IN-45 has excellent antiferroptosis activity through modulation of the iron metabolic pathway and GSH-GPX4 axis in vitro. MAO-B-IN-45 improves cognitive and behavioral impairments in 3×Tg (APP/Tau/Ps1) AD mouse and significantly reduced the levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), APP, and Tau phosphorylation (p-Tau) proteins in the brain.
    MAO-B-IN-45
  • HY-172761
    AX-53802
    		Inducer
    AX-53802 is a ferroptosis inducer targeting GPX4 with an IC50 of 0.34 µM. AX-53802 forms a covalent bond with GPX4, initiating membrane translocation directly upon binding. AX-53802 and FAK/Src inhibitors promotes cell death. AX-53802 can be used for cancer study.
    AX-53802
  • HY-170798
    Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 6
    Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 6 (Compound BT5) is a BBB-penetrable, highly selective, reversible and competitive MAO-B inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.11 μM. Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 6 has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitor 6
  • HY-175614
    RSL3-NH2-Ala-Val-DBCO-PEG4-Maleimide
    		Inhibitor
    RSL3-NH2-Ala-Val-DBCO-PEG4-Maleimide is a drug-linker conjugate for ADC. RSL3-NH2-Ala-Val-DBCO-PEG4-Maleimide consists of a GPX4 inhibitor and ferroptosis inducer (RSL3-NH2) (HY-175615) and a linker (H-Ala-Val-OH) (HY-P4955). RSL3-NH2-Ala-Val-DBCO-PEG4-Maleimide can be used for synthesis of ADCs.
    RSL3-NH2-Ala-Val-DBCO-PEG4-Maleimide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity